Anyael: Personal Pronouns
Jun. 4th, 2010 02:32 am![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png){kind=small}
nyxelestiaPersonal Pronouns in Anyael
So, few things to cover in pronouns.
5th Person
This is actually a subset of 3rd person. 3rd person is only used for people, animals, and other sentient or semi-sentient beings, or beings you hold in regard as a type of 'peer of your species'. 5th person is what you use for nouns - things, objects, ect. In other words, 5th person is "it".
This can create some interesting cultural effects. The tendency to consider vehicles as a person/baby/ect. means they are frequently referred to by 3rd person instead of 5th, along with other objects of personal value to a person and which they consider sentient or of being worth the same regard as a human being. Car buffs utilize this all the time, much to the amusement of everyone else (though this turns to annoyance when car buffs get offended when you still use 5th person while they use 3rd). On the flip side, it is common, when degrading someone, to use 5th person, so you see this in a lot of bigoted jokes. You also see this used to refer to subs in BDSM porn (yes, porn is dubbed over in Anyael).
4th Person
This is a bit of an abstract pronoun, and has two modes.
Primary Mode
In the primary mode, 4th person is used to create a passive voice by acting as a 'dummy' agent. You try to say, "The house was destroyed," this would do so with 4th person by saying, "[It] destroyed the house", with "It" being the 4th person pronoun. It acts much like the word "It" in phrases like "It's raining", in which the word "it's" is the dummy pronoun.
This pronoun will agree in number with the subject. Ji will work for "the house was destroyed," while jil will be for "the houses were destroyed".
Secondary Mode
Secondary mode is created by adding the correlative quantifier 'say' to the beginning of the pronoun: sayji and sayjil. In this mode, the pronoun serves as a "universal" or "indefinite" pronoun.
Singular, for example - if you wanted to say, "one must not smoke" or "you must not smoke" (while not meaning you specifically), meaning an indefinite person, you would use sayji. This form is frequently seen on those instruction manuals that come with everything that no one ever reads, so most people will say this is a rare form, but it actually is quite common.
In the plural, this gets even broader - if you wanted to say, "people shouldn't smoke", without meaning any particular people, you would use "sayjil".
Gender
There is, in fact, a way to signify gender in Anyael. You simply add the gender pronoun (or its vowel) to the end of the personal one to signify a gender.
The gender pronouns are found and explained here.
In formal situations, or any other situation where you need to be polite, you don't use a gender marker when addressing someone. How often the gender pronouns are used in any given informal interaction depends on the local culture. In some areas, they are rarely used unless there is actually a point in someone's gender during the conversation. In other areas, they are culturally mandatory, and in some cases, the lack-of-gender marker isn't even socially accepted. Both extremes are rare, though, and most people fall somewhere in the middle. In informal company, the polite thing to do is use whatever pronoun the person you are addressing uses with 'wae'.
Other Notes on Personal Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns
Adding "kao" to the end of the pronouns make them reflexive.
Possessive Pronouns
Strictly speaking, there are no specifically possessive pronouns - you just add dae or fae, depending on type of possession, to the personal pronoun: "my" would be "dae-wae", "your" would be "dae-yau", "his/her would be "dae-shay", "their" would be "dae-shayn", and so on. If it's abstract possession, it would be "fae-wae", "fae-shay", ect. - same usage, just change that first consonant.
Informally, there is a tendency to shorten the 1st and 2nd person pronouns to "dwae", "dwael", "dyau", and "dyaul". (And a similar thing with "fae", too: fwae, fwael, fyau, fyaul). This is common, but academically incorrect.
| Person | 1st Person | 2nd Person | 3rd Person | 4th Person | 5th Person |
| Singular | |||||
| Plural |
So, few things to cover in pronouns.
5th Person
This is actually a subset of 3rd person. 3rd person is only used for people, animals, and other sentient or semi-sentient beings, or beings you hold in regard as a type of 'peer of your species'. 5th person is what you use for nouns - things, objects, ect. In other words, 5th person is "it".
This can create some interesting cultural effects. The tendency to consider vehicles as a person/baby/ect. means they are frequently referred to by 3rd person instead of 5th, along with other objects of personal value to a person and which they consider sentient or of being worth the same regard as a human being. Car buffs utilize this all the time, much to the amusement of everyone else (though this turns to annoyance when car buffs get offended when you still use 5th person while they use 3rd). On the flip side, it is common, when degrading someone, to use 5th person, so you see this in a lot of bigoted jokes. You also see this used to refer to subs in BDSM porn (yes, porn is dubbed over in Anyael).
4th Person
This is a bit of an abstract pronoun, and has two modes.
Primary Mode
In the primary mode, 4th person is used to create a passive voice by acting as a 'dummy' agent. You try to say, "The house was destroyed," this would do so with 4th person by saying, "[It] destroyed the house", with "It" being the 4th person pronoun. It acts much like the word "It" in phrases like "It's raining", in which the word "it's" is the dummy pronoun.
This pronoun will agree in number with the subject. Ji will work for "the house was destroyed," while jil will be for "the houses were destroyed".
Secondary Mode
Secondary mode is created by adding the correlative quantifier 'say' to the beginning of the pronoun: sayji and sayjil. In this mode, the pronoun serves as a "universal" or "indefinite" pronoun.
Singular, for example - if you wanted to say, "one must not smoke" or "you must not smoke" (while not meaning you specifically), meaning an indefinite person, you would use sayji. This form is frequently seen on those instruction manuals that come with everything that no one ever reads, so most people will say this is a rare form, but it actually is quite common.
In the plural, this gets even broader - if you wanted to say, "people shouldn't smoke", without meaning any particular people, you would use "sayjil".
Gender
There is, in fact, a way to signify gender in Anyael. You simply add the gender pronoun (or its vowel) to the end of the personal one to signify a gender.
The gender pronouns are found and explained here.
In formal situations, or any other situation where you need to be polite, you don't use a gender marker when addressing someone. How often the gender pronouns are used in any given informal interaction depends on the local culture. In some areas, they are rarely used unless there is actually a point in someone's gender during the conversation. In other areas, they are culturally mandatory, and in some cases, the lack-of-gender marker isn't even socially accepted. Both extremes are rare, though, and most people fall somewhere in the middle. In informal company, the polite thing to do is use whatever pronoun the person you are addressing uses with 'wae'.
Other Notes on Personal Pronouns
- In the imperative verb form, if what you are saying is an instruction or a polite command, you would use 'you'. But if it is an emergency, or an order/hierarchical command, then you drop the 'you' pronoun.
- Personal pronouns can be dropped as subjects if the subject is obvious from the context.
- If the context doesn't make the subject clear, and the subject pronoun is dropped, then the presumed subject is "I". This is fairly rare, though (at least, depending on locale/dialect).
- Strictly speaking, personal pronouns are not supposed to be dropped in the object forms, even if the object is obvious. However, a lot of people do this in spoken Anyael, anyway, and it's one of those mistakes students frequently make on academic papers that teachers mark them down for because they hear it so often, they assume it's a correct form.
- 'Sayshay' is an improper/slang way to say 'everyone'. Teenagers love using this to piss off their parents, who hate it when their own kids use it but still use it to piss off their own parents, anyway. Don't ask me why, parents are just weird like that.
- For unquantified nouns/mass nouns/ect., the plural form is used.
Reflexive Pronouns
Adding "kao" to the end of the pronouns make them reflexive.
| Person | 1st Person | 2nd Person | 3rd Person | 4th Person | 5th Person |
| Singular | |||||
| Plural |
Possessive Pronouns
Strictly speaking, there are no specifically possessive pronouns - you just add dae or fae, depending on type of possession, to the personal pronoun: "my" would be "dae-wae", "your" would be "dae-yau", "his/her would be "dae-shay", "their" would be "dae-shayn", and so on. If it's abstract possession, it would be "fae-wae", "fae-shay", ect. - same usage, just change that first consonant.
Informally, there is a tendency to shorten the 1st and 2nd person pronouns to "dwae", "dwael", "dyau", and "dyaul". (And a similar thing with "fae", too: fwae, fwael, fyau, fyaul). This is common, but academically incorrect.
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Date: 2010-06-04 10:39 am (UTC)The truth is that I love leatrninig new languages... is it hard to create it? now I'm wondereing how much vocabulary and words you created...
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Date: 2010-06-04 11:23 am (UTC)no subject
Date: 2010-06-04 11:33 am (UTC)